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Hospitals Get Ready to Treat “Holiday Heart”

By Dena Rifkin, MD | December 4, 2008
christmas-alcohol-heart

Getty Images

During my medical training, I always seemed to find myself at the Veterans’ Affairs Hospital around Thanksgiving or Christmas. The day of the holiday itself was usually eerily quiet: We’d scrounge some holiday goodies from the nursing desks, eat a cafeteria dinner, and watch football or reruns of It’s a Wonderful Life, just like everyone else in America.

It was the day after the holiday that things would get interesting.

For healthy people, holiday excess—too much salty or spicy food, or too many cocktails in the form of an eggnog overdose—leads to an expected tummy ache, headache, and general post-party malaise.

But for people with heart or kidney failure or problems with alcohol or depression, the holidays are far more dangerous. It was often the day after the celebration that we’d see the fallout: the man in congestive heart failure after breaking his usual low-salt diet, the dialysis patient who tried to eat right but ended up buying high-potassium gravy (dangerous only if your kidneys don’t work), or the alcoholic who fell off the wagon—and fell hard. Read More


New Statin Study: What It Really Means for Your Heart Attack Risk

By Dena Rifkin, MD | November 20, 2008
crestor-statin-heart-attack

Istockphoto/Health

There’s a study out this week that’s gotten major headlines: Therapy with a statin may lower cardiovascular disease risk by about 50%, even in those with normal cholesterol. Sounds great, right? Not so fast. This may indeed be good news, but it’s much more complicated than the headlines suggest.

First of all, let’s talk for a minute about what a 50% decrease in risk means. Let’s say, for instance, that you had a crystal ball and knew that you had a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of having a heart attack in the next 10 years. (There are ways to guess at this risk for any given person, using their age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking history.) If a magic pill could cut your risk by 50%, you’d only have a 1 in 8 (12.5%) chance of having that heart attack.

Put another way, if I gave 100 people with a 1 in 4 chance of a heart attack that magic pill, I’d avoid about 12 heart attacks. Not too bad. Read More


Kidney Doctors Take Philadelphia by Storm!

By Dena Rifkin, MD | November 14, 2008
asn-kidney-convention-center

Paconvention.com

I just returned from the major kidney disease conference—the American Society of Nephrology meeting. It may sound far-fetched, but there are enough kidney doctors in the United States to fill almost every hotel room in Philadelphia. The restaurants were swarming with us, the convention center overflowing. The airport had a sign welcoming us.

What do we talk about for a whole week? You could hear about “Biosynthetic Protein Traffic in Polarized  Epithelial Cells” one morning, or perhaps you’re more interested  in “Exercise, Physical Function, and Quality of Life in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.” Or you could be dying to offer your two cents in the debate about “Phosphorus: Bystander or Cause of Pathology?” The possibilities are endless.

There is no new discovery or cure that stood out from the week. Progress from research to treatment for most medical conditions is slow. There was, for example, some new epidemiological research trying to explain the link between calcium, bone disease, and cardiovascular disease in people with kidney disease. (It’s complicated, but we give calcium to kidney patients because it improves the bone disease they often have, but it may also worsen the cardiovascular disease that can accompany kidney problems.) Read More


Do Patients Get Better Care When They Look Like Their Doctors?

By Dena Rifkin, MD | October 30, 2008

Getty Images

I saw a young man from Portugal, a new immigrant to the United States who didn’t speak English, a couple weeks ago in the hospital. He really needed a long-term physician. Like many such patients, he didn’t have access to health insurance here, and he hadn’t seen a doctor for more than three years. He had lots of issues that weren’t going to be resolved during the hospital stay.

So I set about looking for a physician for him. And from the 15 or so  available choices in the clinic, I picked a doctor who was a young Latino man, the most similar to him. Read More


I See the Failure of the Health-Care System Every Day

By Dena Rifkin, MD | October 23, 2008

For the past three weeks, each issue of The New England Journal of Medicine has featured viewpoints on the pressing health-care policy issues facing the next administration. These topics (in case you haven’t heard) include health insurance and rising health-care costs, and how to balance them economically, ethically, and politically.

I see the insanity of the current “system” pretty much every day. Read More


The Best Way to Prepare for Medical School: Get a Job

By Dena Rifkin, MD | October 15, 2008

I like to listen to the conversations of the twentysomethings working in my department. They do everything from coordinating research activities to recruiting patients for new studies of kidney disease. Most have finished college and are thinking about medical school. At the lunch table, they talk about postcollege premedical classes (here’s an example of one in New York), the MCAT test, and admission interviews.

Hearing them, I realize the benefit of the practical experience they are getting.

First of all, they get to see a little bit of what medicine is like before investing four years and more than $100,000 in medical school. Once they’re in school, some of them may still decide that medicine isn’t for them, but working in a hospital will certainly decrease the likelihood of that happening. It would be awful to go through medical school and then realize that you don’t want to be a doctor (almost as awful as having that person as your doctor). Read More


Are Doctors Short on Empathy?

By Dena Rifkin, MD | October 3, 2008

A number of news outlets have picked up an article, published in last week’s Archives of Internal Medicine, which suggests that physicians “miss” opportunities to express empathy and compassion in discussions with cancer patients. The researchers noted 384 “empathetic opportunities,” but only about 10% of those received an empathetic response.

The article was fascinating, but I think the press coverage was a bit overstated. The study looked at less than 30 interactions at one medical center, but generated headlines such as: “For Some Doctors, Empathy Is in Short Supply.” Read More


How to Take Care of the Very Old and Still Preserve Their Independence

By Dena Rifkin, MD | September 26, 2008

We treated a very old woman in the hospital this week. She was nearly 100, but looked ageless, sitting by the window and watching the world go slowly by her. She had gotten unsteady and short of breath at home and was waiting for us to make things better.

There’s something regal about the very old. As a physician, I tread lightly with them. They are survivors, but fragile. The slightest change or perturbation in their care can lead to all kinds of complications, from disorientation or delirium to falls. In fact, preventing falls and delirium in the elderly is a major focus of geriatric practice and research. Read More


How Should We Honor Death in a Hospital?

By Dena Rifkin, MD | September 19, 2008

Last week, I wrote about going to the hospital at night to see a very sick patient. I saw him only once, and this week I found out that he died a few days later.

When I logged in to the hospital’s computer system to check lab results on another patient, my “census”—the list of patients I’ve seen recently—popped up and his name was there.

Next to each patient’s name are icons: symbols for male or female; a walk-light stick figure showing that the patient is ambulatory; a red or green box, indicating new lab results. Next to this patient’s name was a forbidding white box on a black background with a long white line drawn through it. That meant he had died. Read More


The Quiet Focus of a Hospital at Night

By Dena Rifkin, MD | September 12, 2008

I was at the hospital late one night last week, seeing a patient in the intensive care unit. It’s oddly relaxing sometimes to be at the hospital late—not as much hustle and bustle, and no need to fight for a chart or a computer. There were just a few on-call interns and residents clustered around the charts, and a group of night nurses who were ordering takeout for dinner. A quiet night.

The scene reminded me of the many nights I spent in hospitals during my medical training. I began my internship before residency programs put the brakes on 80-plus-hour workweeks. Our regular schedule was every fourth night or every third night on call.  On on-call days, we’d get to work at 6 a.m., work through the night, and then work the next day until the work was done. Most days, that was 5 or 6 p.m. Then we’d go home, sleep, and come back again 12 hours later for a “regular” 12-hour day. Read More




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